Why is it important to determine GND correctly? For analog, this is the battery reference, and the signal is tied to an analog output or input. In this case, you can find the following notation:įor digital logic systems, ground is the negative power terminal of the chip logic. If mixed analog and digital circuits are used, then separate signal power lines for the analog and digital parts are indicated. Therefore, you can often find other designations on connectors, electronic boards, for example: Com – Common if the circuit is not actually grounded ![]() It is simply a circuit common to power and an electrical signal against which all other voltage potentials are measured. If field-effect transistors are used in the electronic circuit, then the following markings may occur:ĭespite the name, GND has nothing to do with grounding in electronics, except when shielding is used. VCC – Voltage Collector Collector – plus.Other notations show the potential relative to zero: In English, ground is earth, hence the abbreviation GND. This is the “ground”, zero potential, a common wire for power and signal. GND is the most important designation in the circuit, against which all others are measured. What is it and how to use this marking correctly? What is GND? Typically, the voltage on the circuits is indicated by two letters (Uce / Uke – collector-emitter voltage, for example), according to two points between which it is applied.Ībroad, in order to distinguish the supply voltage (Vcc) from the voltage at the output of the transistor (Vc), they write two letters.Įveryone who has dealt with consumer electronics has come across designations such as GND, VEE, VCC on a circuit, connectors or motherboard. The designations do not always depend on the actual internal structure and can be “mixed”. In some mikruhs, you can see both types of designation on different legs at the same time. It is often shown that different supply voltages are needed (for example, the Intel 8080 had VCC = +5 V, VDD = +12 V and VEE = -5 V). It so happened that npn- and n-channel transistors were more often used, in which a positive voltage must be applied to the collector / drain, and a negative voltage to the emitter / source, so the “polarity” is like that. circuits with Vdd and Vss are built on field-effect transistors, hence D (drain, drain) and S (source, source).Vcc and Vee refer to circuits built on bipolar transistors, hence the letters C (collector, collector) and E (emitter, emitter) .Vee and Vss – for ground (in this case, the analog is GND , ground) or negative supply voltage. ![]()
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